After collecting relevant case-related information, what is the next step in resolving an ethical dilemma?

After collecting relevant case-related information, what is the next step in resolving an ethical dilemma?

• A. Clarify values.
• B. Verbalize the problem.
• C. Determine possible courses of action.
• D. Negotiate a plan.

Answer: (A)

Clarifying values is the next step because once you have the factual background, you need to name and examine the beliefs, duties, and preferences driving the situation. This includes the patient’s preferences, family considerations, cultural or religious factors, and professional obligations such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. Making these values explicit helps you see what matters most to those involved and what ethical principles are in tension, which guides subsequent reasoning and choices. With values clarified, you can then restate the problem clearly, explore possible actions, and plan how to move forward.

Clarifying values is the next step because once you have the factual background, you need to name and examine the beliefs, duties, and preferences driving the situation. This includes the patient’s preferences, family considerations, cultural or religious factors, and professional obligations such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. Making these values explicit helps you see what matters most to those involved and what ethical principles are in tension, which guides subsequent reasoning and choices. With values clarified, you can then restate the problem clearly, explore possible actions, and plan how to move forward.